美国中小学“创造性问题解决”教学模式的实施及其启示——以弗吉尼亚州为例

The Implementation of Creative Problem Solving Teaching Model in American Primary and Secondary Schools and its Implications——A Case Study of the State of Virginia

提高学生创造力一直是美国教育界关注的一个热点问题。美国学者很早就开始了学生创造力培养的研究。而创造性问题解决模式是一种有效的培养学生创造力的教学模式。近年来,美国中小学教师结合各学科课程有效地应用了这一模式。其实施过程包括认识挑战、产生想法、准备问题的行动计划和制定具体的问题解决方案四个部分。在美国中小学使用该模式的过程中,呈现出重视培养学生的主体性、注重问题解决策略的训练以及与现实生活相联系等特点。

Enhancing students＇ creativity has been a hot topic in American education.American scholars have been researching the creativity of student for a long time.Creative problem solving is an effective mode of teaching students creativity.In recent years,the U.S.primary and secondary school teachers have applied this model effectively in curricular programs.The implementation process can be divided into four parts,including understanding the challenges,generating ideas,preparing for action and planning approaches to solving problems.During the use of this model in American schools,it has shown the characteristics of stressing on subjectivity of students,the training of problem-solving strategy as well as connecting with the real-life and so on.