促进青少年体育锻炼和健康幸福的路径:基于自我决定理论模型构建

The Path of Promotion on Teenagers' Physical Exercise and Health-Related Well-Being:Based onSelf-determination Theory Model

以自我决定理论为基础,结合本土化研究取向,采用运动自主性支持、运动基本心理需要、运动行为调节(第2版)、Godin业余时间锻炼和主观活力5个量表对664名青少年进行抽样调查,试图构建促进青少年体育锻炼和健康幸福的动机路径模型。结果表明,1)自主性支持和3种基本心理需要均可正向预测体育锻炼和主观活力,但3种基本需要的地位不一,自主需要对体育锻炼的预测能力最强,而能力需要对主观活力的预测能力最强;2)总体而言,自主程度越高的行为调节(即认同调节和内在调节)越可正向预测体育锻炼和主观活力,但在体育锻炼方面认同调节的预测能力最强,主观活力方面内在调节的预测能力最强;3)结构方程模型拟合结果支持了修正中介模型,即自主性支持可直接预测主观活力,亦可通过基本心理需要、自主型动机和基本心理需求×自主型动机3个中介变量间接预测体育锻炼和主观活力,其中,基本心理需要的中介效应量最大;4)体育教师提高自主性支持水平,满足青少年基本心理需要,促使其自主型动机形成,可最终促进青少年体育锻炼和健康幸福。

Based on the self-determination theory and combined with the localization research orientation,this paper carries on sampling investigation on 664 teenagers by using perceived autonomy support：sport climate questionnaire,the basic psychological needs in exercise scale,behavioral regulations in exercise questionnaire（BREQ-2）,Godin leisure-time exercise questionnaire and subjective vitality scales.By these scales,we are trying to build the construction of motivation path model of teenager physical exercise and health-related well-being.The result shows that 1） autonomy support and the three basic psychological needs can promote physical exercise and subjective vitality,the role of each psychological need is different,autonomy need is the strongest predictor of physical exercise,while competence need is strongest predictor of subjective vitality.2） In general,the higher the degree of autonomy behavior regulation（identified regulation and intrinsic regulation）,the stronger positively predictor of physical exercise and the subjective vitality,the strongest predictor in terms of physical exercise is identified regulation while in subjective vitality is the intrinsic regulation.3） Structural equation model fitting results support the modified mediator model,i.e.autonomy support can directly predict subjective vitality.It can also indirectly predict physical exercise and the subjective vitality by adopting basic psychological need,self-determination motivation and basic psychological need ×self-determination motivation,the biggest mediation effect is basic psychological needs.4） Physical education teachers should improve autonomy support level in order to satisfy their basic psychological needs,led to the formation of the autonomous motivation.Finally,they can promote the teenager to carry on physical exercise,and then the teenager gain their health-related well-being.