网化聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备、微观结构及其储油性能

Preparation,Microstructure and Oil Absorption Behaviors of Reticulated Polyurethane Foam Plastics

以聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯为主要原材料,三乙醇胺和二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,蒸馏水和三氟三氯乙烷为发泡剂,并加入匀泡剂和开孔剂制备软质开孔聚氨酯泡沫塑料,通过碱液水解法制备网化聚氨酯泡沫塑料。采用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察泡沫塑料泡孔的微观结构,采用吸油速率和吸油率以及排油速率和油残存率表征网化聚氨酯泡沫塑料的储油能力。结果表明,通过调节两种催化剂用量可以有效控制泡沫塑料的凝胶速率和发泡速率,通过调节两种发泡剂用量可以有效控制泡沫塑料的密度及平均泡孔尺寸,通过调节匀泡剂和开孔剂用量可以有效控制泡沫塑料的孔径、孔径分布及开孔率。碱液浸泡时间为5 min时,泡沫塑料的泡壁基本被完全除净,而泡棱保留较为完整,拉伸性能无明显下降。制备出的网化聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有良好的吸油及排油性能,有望作为储油箱填充材料使用。

Taking the polyether polyol and toluene diisocyanate as basic raw materials, triethanolamine and dibutyltin dilaurate as catalysts, distilled water and trifluorotrichloroethane as foaming agents, adding foam stabilizer and cell opener, open cell flexible polyurethane foam plastics were prepared. Then reticulated polyurethane foam plastics were prepared through alkaline hydrolysis method. The microstructures of foam plastics were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, the oil storage abilities were characterized by oil absorption rate, absorption ratio, discharging rate and residual ratio. The results indicates that the foam plastics gel and foaming rate can be controlled by changing the amount of two kinds of catalysts, the foam plastics density and average cell size can be controlled by changing the amount of two kinds of foaming agents, the cell size, cell diameter distribution and open-cell ratio can be controlled by changing the amount of foam stabilizer and cell opener. When the soaking time in alkaline treating liquid is 5 min, the cell walls are almost removed completely and the cell struts can be kept intact, the tensile properties don＇ t decrease significantly. The reticulated polyurethane foam plastics is prepared with good oil absorption and discharging properties, it is expected to be used as a kind of filling material for oil storage tank.