中国火力发电能耗状况及展望

Situation and Prospect of Energy Consumption for China’s Thermal Power Generation

近10年来,随着高参数大容量机组持续增加,小火电机组的关停以及节能管理的加强和技术改造的实施,中国火力发电供电煤耗率大幅下降,"十二五"节能减排的目标对火力发电提出更高的期望。中国(不包括港澳台)火力发电的能耗水平能否继续下降,主要的节能潜力点有哪些,是能源工作者不能回避的问题,需要进行科学的分析才能得出正确的结论,进而引导火力发电行业的科学发展。文中采用详实的数据,对中国火力发电的能耗水平进行横向和纵向对比分析,并对中国火力发电在2015年和2020年的能耗水平进行展望。认为中国火力发电能耗已经处于世界先进水平,600 MW及以上超临界机组实际运行水平已经达到甚至超过设计水平。随着火力发电机组结构的进一步优化和火力发电节能技术的不断创新,中国火力发电能耗还会继续下降,不考虑二氧化碳减排的影响,2015年中国火力发电供电煤耗率在320g/(kW h)左右,到2020年可以达到310g/(kW h)左右。

The net coal consumption of China’s thermal power generation has decreased dramatically in the last decade with the increase of large-capacity high-parameter units but the decrease of the small,the enhancement on energy management,and the implementation of technical retrofits.The Twelfth Five-Year Plan raises even higher expectations for the energy conservation and emission reduction in electric power industry.Several main concerns should be analyzed scientifically to reach correct conclusions to guide the further development of the industry,such as the potential of dropping further energy consumption,and the sources the potential lies in.Based on the statistic data,the energy consumption of China’s power units is analyzed and compared;the expectations of China’s energy consumption level in 2015 and 2020 are proposed.The results show that the energy consumption of China’s thermal power units has ranked in the advanced level in the world;the practical operation performance of supercritical power units of 600 MW and above has even outperformed the design.With the optimization of thermal units mix and continuous innovation of energy conservation technologies,the energy consumption can be further reduced.Without consideration of CO2reduction,the net coal consumption rate of China’s thermal power units is expected to be about 320 g/（kW h） in 2015 and 310 g/（kW h） in 2020.