供热系统能耗评价模型及应用

Model for Energy Consumption of Heating System and Its Application

供热系统具有不同类型,而其科学评价方法一直无法统一,尤以热电联产的科学评价准则难以确立。从热电联产电厂的传统评价指标——总热效率入手,基于热力学一、二定律分析,改进得到了科学评价联产电厂能耗水平的方法,指出其评价指标应以热力学第二定律为指导,并能结合实际分别体现发电和供热双方面的先进程度;在此基础上,把评价对象扩展到不同类型供热系统,通过对4种基本供热系统的一般化分析,从总能系统的层面提出了适用于不同类型供热系统的、统一的能耗评价模型,利用该模型对4类供热系统分别进行了一般化能耗评价。结果表明,能耗水平从高到低依次为:电热、锅炉供热、热泵供热、联产供热。联产供热作为低能耗且仍有较大降耗空间的供热系统,应优先重点发展,所提出的能耗评价模型为不同类型供热系统的统一化评价奠定了理论基础。

The advanced evaluation standard of heating system cannot be unified,for there are many different kinds of heating systems.Moreover,it’s more difficult to establish the scientific evaluation criteria for combined heat and power（CHP）.This paper started from the traditional evaluation indicator of CHP plant,the total thermal efficiency,and proposed scientific evaluation criteria of CHP plant based on the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics,which could reflect the advancement of CHP system from both power generation and heating aspects.Based on this,evaluation object was extended to different types of heating systems.By analyzing four common used heating systems,unified energy consumption evaluation model was put forward from the level of total energy system.Using the proposed model,the fuel specific consumptions of four types of heating systems were evaluated,respectively.The results show that,the level of the fuel specific consumptions could be ranked from high to low as electric heating,boiler heating,heat pump heating and CHP.As an low fuel specific consumption heating system,CHP system still has a large potential of energy conservation,which should be further developed and utilized.The development prospect of CHP and the analysis method of energy consumption for heating systems could be inspired by the paper.