现代汉语非名词性空语类

The non-nominal empty categories in Mandarin Chinese

与属于功能范畴的轻动词不同,空语类属于词汇范畴,是可以根据句子显性成分而推知,在句子深层结构中基础生成,在表层结构中却以隐性形式呈现的句法成分。一般认为空语类是名词性的,但根据空语类的本质,还可以发现其他性质空语类的存在。本文从副词性修饰语对动词的依附和屈折语对补足语的选择、显性名词性成分的格特征核查、论元在逻辑式的语义解释等角度,证实了现代汉语中存在两种非名词性空语类(动词性空语类和介词性空语类),并运用介词性空语类概念对非常规宾语句做出新的解释。

Unlike light verbs,empty categories belong to lexical category.Such syntactic constituents,which can be inferred by the overt constituents in the surface structure,are base-generated in deep structure and present with the covert forms in the surface structure.While empty categories are generally held nominal,verbal and prepositional empty categories can be found in Mandarin Chinese.This paper gives an account of the latter two categories from the following three perspectives:(1)attachment of adverbial modifiers to verbs and complement selection of inflection;(2)Casefeature checking of overt NPs;and(3)semantic interpretation of arguments with theta-roles in logical form.A new explanation is also provided about unconventional object sentences in prepositional empty categories.