暴力性构序:主体对客体的存在论命名——福柯否定性的历史存在论

Violent Ordering:Subject's Ontological Naming of the Object——Foucault's Negative Historical Ontology

早期的福柯将考古学看成是穿透表面文字和意识操作的侦探路径,由此建构起来的先在范式生成了早期福柯非凡的哲学天目。在《词与物》一书中,他发现了人类主体如何通过命名事物暴力性地建构自己周围世界的内里秩序结构,以生成自己的同一性的存在性历史。实际上,那些被我们指认为客观规律的东西只不过是我们自己用特定的存在论注视、检验和语言建构起来的主体存在性网络。在这种存在之网的栅格中,物自身的存在方式和物之间的遭遇方式才被隐蔽地确定,虽然它们都是向着主体性的存在涌现之连贯性,可是却表现为某种人之外的客观自在有序性。这是一切历史发生的根本。由此,人与人文学科才在现代性的意义上被一并生产出来。所以,人与人文科学都是一个晚近发生的事件,一部词与物的同一性构序史,也是对人文科学历史发生的考古学探究。福柯不是后现代,但却开辟了后现代最重要的历史性思考。

Early Foucault considers archaeology as an exploring path to penetrate external words and conscious operations. The paradigm thus constituted forms Foucault＇ s exceptional philosophical view. In The Order of Things, he found how human subject, through violently constructing the immanent ordering structure of his surrounding world, builds his own ontological history of identity. In fact, the principles that we usually suppose objective are no more than an ontological grid of the subjective being, constructed by our own ontological focus, censoring and language. It is within this grid that the way of being of the thing itself and the way of encountering between things is confirmed implicitly. Although this is a continuity, which emerges towards the subjective being, it appears as an objective order outside of man. Here lies the foundation of history. Man and human sciences are both newly creations. The ordering history of identity presented in The Order of Things is an archaeological exploration of the history of human sciences.