1Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Self-Reliance", in Brooks Atkinson, ed. , Selected Writings of Emerson, New York: The Modem Library, Random House Inc., 1950, p. 149.
2William Charvat, The Profession of Authorship inAmerica, 1800 - 1870, edited by Matthew J. Bruccoli, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1968, pp. 57 -61.
3R.W. Emerson, Letter to Lidian Emerson ( December 1, 1847, from Manchester), in Selections from Ralph Waldo Emerson, edited by Stephen E. Whicher, Cambridge: The Riverside Press, 1957, p. 314.
4Herman Melville, Redburn: His First Voyage, Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1957, p. 174, p. 194.
5William A. Alcott, The Young Woman's Guide to Excellence, Boston: George W. Light, 1840, p. 134, in Toshiko Nonomura, ed. , A Collection of Conduct Books for Young Women and Men in 19th Century America (hereafter abbreviated as Conduct Books), vol. 2, Tokyo: Edition Synapse, 2008.
6Herman Melville, Redburn, p. 163.
7Charles Dickens, American Notes for General Circulation and Pictures from Italy, London: Mandarin Paperbacks, 1991, p. 93, p. 97, p. 30.
8Orestes Brownson, "The Present State of Society", in Russell Kirk, ed. , Selected Essays of Orestes Brownson, New York: Gateway Editions, Inc., 1955, pp. 28-31.
9Henry D. Thoreau, Walden and Civil Disobedience, New York: Penguin Books, 1986, p. 77.
10Carlos Baker, Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group Portrait, New York: PenguinBooks USA Inc. , 1996, p. 144, p. 183.
