农民工流动方式与子女社会分化——对中国人口流动制度设计的反思

The Social Mobility of China Peasant-workers' Children:Social Differentiation Patterns between the Floating-along and the Left-behind

文章通过划分农民工在外出打工期间对子女教育选择形式的类型,采用实证调查数据揭示了双亲外出留守型农民工子女向上流动进入大学的概率最低,滑入犯罪的概率最高;研究结果显示,单亲外出留守儿童比随同父(母)外出的流动儿童进入高层次院校的概率更大,表明流动儿童不稳定的受教育过程、高考返回原籍等因素影响了其向上流动的概率。因此,国家应当对农民工子女教育选择形式进行相应的引导和干预,减少双亲外出留守型儿童的数量。

The children of China's peasant-workers are likely to have different social mobility chances according to their different schooling experiences in two types:floating-along and left-behind.The case-study-survey data processed by log-linear model statistically reveals that those left-behind chQdren without a parent have the most significantly reduced probability of climbing up on the social ladder such as entering an university;also they have a higher probability of sliding into a crime.On the other hand,the schooling children left behind with at least one parent increase their probability of going to higher education institutions.The data also shows that the floating-along children do not have a better social differentiation tendency compared with those whose parents stay home or those left-behind children with one parent.These children's ad interim schooling experiences and the home-ground rule of taking college entrance tests are factors that hinder these children's upward social mobility.Therefore,the government shall create a viable social and economical environment to reduce the amount of left-behind children without a parent.