板栗和锥栗远缘杂交亲和性研究

Study on the Distant Hybridization Compatibility Between Castanea mollissima and C.henryi

以3个板栗品种"燕红"、"怀黄"、"怀九"为母本,以锥栗为父本,进行了远缘杂交亲和性及杂种表型特性研究,旨在为栗属植物的远缘杂交育种提供参考。结果表明:通过连续3a杂交试验,远缘杂交平均结实率仅23.6%,最低结实率只有6.5%,且空苞率较高,平均空苞率50.1%,最高77.5%;杂交结实特性在不同杂交组合、不同年份间存在差异,结实率在不同杂交组合间差异不显著,而在不同年份间表现差异显著,空苞率与坐苞率在不同杂交组合间差异显著或极显著,在不同年份间差异不显著;母本对结实率有较大影响,以"怀黄"、"怀九"为母本远缘杂交结实率较高且杂种优势明显,亲和性好,而"燕红"与锥栗杂交无论在结实率还是杂种特性上表现较差,说明合理选择亲本对于克服板栗与锥栗间远缘杂交不亲和性及提高结实率具有重要意义。

Taking three varieties of C. Mollissirna （＇ Yanhong＇, ＇ Huaihuang ＇, ＇ Huaijiu＇） as female parent, C. henryi as male parent, the distant hybridization compatibility between C. rnollissirna and C. henryi were studied in this paper. The results showed that,through three years test,the average seed setting rate between C. rnollissima and C. henryi was only 23. 6% ,the lowest was 6. 5% ;and the empty bur rate was high （50. 1%）,the highest was 77. 5% ;pollinations and seed setting characteristics among differem hybrid combination and different years was different, difference of seed setting rate among different years was significant and there was no obvious difference among different hybrid combinations, but the fruitage rate and empty bur rate had the different results;the female parent played an important role in regulating the seed setting rate between C. rnollissirna and C. henryi. In our experiment, seed setting rate of ＇ Huaihuang X C. henryi and ＇Huaijiu＇ X C. henryi were higher than that of ＇Yanhong＇ X C. henryi,and the heterosis of interspecific was also obviously, this showed that choosing appropriate parent had very important significance in improving the distant hybridization compatibility between C. rnollissima and C. henryi.