不同修剪量对盛果期苹果树光合能力及果实品质的影响

Effect of Different Pruning Quantity on Apple Photosynthetic Ability and Fruit Quality in Full Fruit Period

以18a生"红富士"苹果为试材,研究了轻修剪、轻修剪+夏剪、中修剪、中修剪+夏剪、重修剪等不同修剪量对盛果期苹果树树冠光照强度、光合能力、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:盛果期"红富士"苹果树适宜的修剪量为冬季中修剪+夏剪,能明显改善盛果期苹果树冠光照强度,提高叶片光合能力和果实产量与品质;随着修剪量增大,使夏季树冠上、中、下相对光照强度、叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度提高及胞间CO2含量降低幅度增大,单株产量、单果重、可溶性固形物含量、硬度、维生素C和花青苷含量增高及可滴定酸含量降低幅度也增大。

Taking 18 year-old ＇Red Fuji＇ apple tree as materials ,the effect of different pruning quantity with light pruning, light pruning-l-summer pruning,medium pruning, medium pruningsummer pruning, heavy pruning on photosynthetic ability and canopy light intensity,fruit quality of apple tree in full fruit period were studied. The results showed that the suitable pruning quality was winter medium pruning-1-summer pruning shoots, because the treatment increased the canopy relative light intensity, promoted photosynthetic ability, and improved yields, fruit weight, and fruit quality in full fruit period. The relative canopy relative light intensity were measured in the layer of upper, middle and lower, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of apple leaves increased and intercellular CCh concentration decreased greatly when winter pruning degree was increased gradually. When winter pruning degree was increased, the fruit yields, fruit weight, firmness, the content of soluble solid and vitamin C,anthocyanin increased and the content of titratable acid decreased significantly.