古希腊哲学视域中的个体性问题引论——以“原子论”与“知识论”为视角

Discuss About the Problem of Individuality in Ancient Greece Philosophy——In the viewpoint of "Atomic Theory" and "Knowledge Theory"

古希腊哲人们通过对外部世界之探究,逐步确立了人之地位。德谟克利特之后,哲人们把关注目光逐步由自然转向了人类自身,此时人被视为一个个独立、自由存在的"原子",可见,在古希腊个体性问题视野中,"原子论"对此影响之深。古希腊哲人们通过探究人与外部世界之关系,来认识外物与自我,以确立知识的有无、多少,进而决定个体之价值,此即西方"知识论"问题之起源。然在古希腊个体性问题视域中,"知识论"话题却在物我不分境遇中进行着艰苦抽象。

By exploring the outside world, the ancient Greek philosophers gradually established the status of ＂human＂. After Democritus, the philosophers gradually turned their glares from nature to human themselves. By this time, ＂human＂ was regarded as an independent, free atom. It was thus clear that ＂theory of atomic＂ had a deep influence on it in the perspective of ancient Greece individuality issues. By exploring the relationship between ＂human＂and the outside world, the ancient Greek philosophers understood things and ego, and established the knowledge had or no, number, then determined the individual value. It was the origin of ＂knowledge theory＂in western philosophy. ＂But in the perspective of ancient Greece individuality issues ,＂theory of knowledge＂was going through a difficult abstract process in the situation that didn＇t differentiated between things and ego.