企业异质性与出口:基于中国制造业企业数据的检验

Firm Heterogeneity and Export: an Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Manufacturing Firm - level Data

基于异质企业模型,运用1998—2007年中国制造业14个行业的企业数据,从两方面检验企业异质性与出口行为之间的关系,即企业异质性与出口状态(出口与否)之间关系的检验和企业异质性与出口规模之间关系的检验。研究结果表明,总体上看,中国企业出口行为基本符合异质企业模型的预测,即生产率高的企业选择出口,且生产率越高出口规模越大,而生产率低的企业仅仅或主要服务于国内市场,但这一关系在内外资企业之间存在较大差别。此外,虽然人力资源、技术创新等因素亦对企业出口规模有显著作用,但总体上看生产率仍然是我们所考虑的变量中最为稳定、重要的因素。

This paper uses 1998 -2007 firm -level data of 14 manufacturing industries in China and heterogeneous firm model to make empirical analysis on relationship between firm heterogeneity and export behavior from two perspectives, i. e. the relationship between firm heterogeneity and export state （export or not） and the relationship between firm heterogeneity and export scale. Empirical evidence demonstrates that Chinese firms act in accordance with the expectation of heterogene- ous firm model on the whole, that is, the firms with higher TFP （total factor productivity） tend to enter and sell more in the foreign market and the firms with lower TFP mainly or merely sell in domestic market, but a great difference exists between domestic and foreign invested firms. In addition, although the factors such as human resources and technology innovation have significant effects on export scale, TFP still plays the most stable and important role among the variables in our empiri- cal model on average.