西南地区483例唇腭裂患儿临床特点及发病危险因素分析

A survey of clinical characteristics and risk factors of 483 children with cleft lip and palate in southwestern China

目的:调查分析唇腭裂的发病情况及特点、唇腭裂患儿并发心脏畸形的比例,分析唇腭裂发病的相关危险因素,为唇腭裂的预防提供依据。方法:对2011年1月至2012年12月在重庆医科大学儿童医院住院治疗的483例先天性唇腭裂患儿的病例资料进行详细的统计分析,分析畸形亚类的构成比例、性别及城乡分布特点、并发先天性心脏病的几率以及发病的相关危险因素。结果:483例患儿中,唇裂137例,腭裂136例,唇裂伴腭裂210例;男性多于女性,农村多于城市。唇腭裂患儿并发先天性心脏病占8.49%(41例),有家族遗传史的占6.63%(32例),母亲怀孕3个月内有感冒史的占43.69%(211例),母亲文化程度小学以下的占59.42%(287例),大专以上的仅占5.38%(26例)。结论:唇腭裂在城乡及男女间的分布存在差异;除遗传因素外,母亲怀孕期疾病、文化程度低及生活环境等对唇腭裂的发生有重要影响,增强母亲孕期的预防保健是预防唇腭裂发生的重要手段。

Pursose To investigate the clinical characteristics, the rate of complicated congenital heart disease and the risk factors of cleft lip and palate children. Methods 483 in - patient cases with congenital cleft lip and palate, which were sought out from Health Information System of Chongqing Children＇ s Hospital between 2011 January and 2012 December, were enrolled in this study. The cleft type, gender distribution, mother living condition, rate of complicated congenital heart disease, and risk factors were analyzed statistically using SPSS19.0. Results of the 483 cases, 137 had cleft lip and 136 had cleft palate only, 210 had cleft lip and palate, 41 （8.49% ） had congenital heart disease, 32（6.63 % ） had family heredity history. Of the 483 mothers, 386（ 79.92% ）lived in the ntml area, 211（43.69 % ） ever had a cold within 3 months of pregnancy, 287 （ 59.42 % ） accepted primary school education only. Conclusion In Cleft lip and palate children, the proportion of male was higher than female. Maternal disease during pregrancy, low educational level and living environment have important effects on the occurrence of cleft lip and palate.