新疆伊宁市维吾尔族城市居民的语言能力、语言使用与语言态度调查

An Investigation on the Language Ability, Usage and Attitudes Of Uyghur People in Yining City, Xinjiang

运用PPS抽样方法,我们以结构式访问法在新疆伊宁市城市居民当中进行了有关语言能力、语言使用、语言态度的调查。伊宁市维吾尔族城市居民普遍具有维汉双语能力,但高比例的双语人口和较低水平的汉语使用能力同时并存。维吾尔语与家庭、友谊、学校等方面域相连,维汉双语使用模式与日常生活、工作相连,场合越正式,汉语使用比例越高。在语言态度上,他们既注重语言的实际效用,也强调语言和语言学习的象征意义,对学校族群结构和学校教学语言类型的期待是多样化的。语言是认识社会的一个重要视角,尤其是在多族群共同居住的地区。本文还就调查数据所反映出来的学校教育、各族群之间交往当中存在的问题作了分析。

Using probability proportionate to size sampling and structured interview, we investigated the language ability, language usage and language attitude of the Uyghur people in Yining City in Xinjiang. Most of the Uyghur people in Yining City can practice both Uyghur language and the Chinese, but few of them can practice Chinese fluently. They mainly use Uyghur language among family members, friends and classmates, and the bilingual mode of the Uyghur and the Chinese is mainly used in their daily lives and work. The more formal the situation is the more the Chinese is used. The Uyghur people not only pay attention to the actual utility of language but also focus on the symbolic meaning of the language. The paper also analyses the problems in the schooling of the Uyghur and the social contact among different ethnic groups.