雍正帝打击太监魏珠原因新探——魏珠其人其事考

A New Study on the Reasons for the Emperor Yongzheng's Crackdown on the Eunuch Wei Zhu:Research on Wei Zhu And His Deeds

魏珠大约生活于康熙中期到乾隆中叶,有关他的记载是在康熙五十四五年以后大量出现的,可能这时魏珠担任了总管太监。魏珠因皇帝信任以及担任宫中要职,行为有失约束。雍正帝不喜欢魏珠,寻找借口打击他,魏珠被派往康熙帝景陵,受到看管。雍正帝从轻发落魏珠,乾隆帝再次宽宥,魏珠曾在寿皇殿、寿安宫当差,乾隆二十六年尚在世。雍正帝打击魏珠,表面看是因魏珠在皇家陵寝重地建房破坏风水而获罪,实际上是对魏珠在康熙晚年与储位争夺对手允禩、允禟关系较好而仇视他。雍正帝打击魏珠未必是因为魏珠目击康熙帝临终情景、得知雍正帝得位不正或者说是篡位的秘密。

Wei Zhu lived from the middle of Kangxi reign（1661—7122） to the middle period of Qianlong reign（1736—1795）.His records appeared in large numbers after the 44th or 45th year of Kangxi.The likely reason was because Wei Zhu served as the Head Eunuch at that time.Because he was trusted by the Emperor and held senior positions in the palace,Wei Zhu often behaved badly.Yongzheng disliked Wei Zhu,so he found an excuse to crackdown on him.Wei Zhu was sent to Kangxi＇s mausoleum,and his liberty was restricted.Yongzheng dealt leniently with Wei Zhu and Qianlong forgave him again.Wei Zhu had served in the Hall of Imperial Longevity and the Palace of Eternal Longevity,and lived until the 26th year of Qianlong.On the surface the reason why Yongzheng cracked down Wei Zhu was that Wei Zhu built a house on a mausoleum site destroying the fengshui.In fact the reason was that in Kangxi old age Wei Zhu kept good relations with Yunsi and Yuntang who were Yongzheng＇s rivals for crown prince,and so Yongzheng was hostile to Wei Zhu.The reason that Yongzheng cracked down Wei Zhu was not necessarily because Wei Zhu witnessed the deathbed scene of Kangxi and knew the secret that Yongzheng ascended the throne through improper means,or,in other words,usurped the throne.