安徽省蚌埠市某三甲医院急性脑血管病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiologic feature analysis of acute cerebrovascular diseases in Bengbu city of Anhui province

目的探讨急性脑血管病流行病学特征,观察安徽省蚌埠市人群急性脑血管病发病特点。方法选择2012年1—12月在安徽省蚌埠市某三甲医院就诊的急性脑血管病急诊患者150例,所有患者经过CT确诊并均符合急性脑血管病诊断标准。患者于入院后急诊完善临床相关资料、病史及检查,并收集包括患者人口学资料、首次卒中发病情况、既往病史、各项检查结果、诊断治疗情况及随访信息等。结果 150例患者中脑出血14例,脑梗死118例,短暂性脑缺血16例,蛛网膜下腔出血2例,平均年龄(55.77±12.63)岁,各组患者年龄分布比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.415,P=0.797);患者中男86例,女64例,各种急性脑血管病中男性构成比高于女性,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.337,P=0.953);脑出血患者以冬春季高发,脑梗死患者以夏秋季高发,脑出血与脑梗死患者冬春季与夏秋季患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论安徽省蚌埠市急性脑血管病以脑梗死及脑出血患者居多,男性高于女性,脑出血患者以冬春季高发,脑梗死患者以夏秋季高发,根据发病分布特点进行有效急救是急诊抢救的重要部分。

Objective To explore the epidemiologic features of acute cerebrovascular diseases（ACD） and to investigate the ACD onset characteristics in Bengbu city of Anhui province.Methods 150 patients with ACD met the ACD diagnostic criterion after CT diagnosis and enrolled in a top three hospital of Bengbu city from January to December 2012 were selected and con ducted the collection of the related clinical data after admission in the emergency departemnt,the clinical history and examination.The patient′s demographic data,onset situation of first stroke,past medical history,examination resules,diagnosis and treatment situation and follow-up information were collected.Results Among 150 cases,14 cases had cerebral hemorrhage,118 cases had cerebral infarction,16 cases appeared transient cerebral ischemia and 2 cases were subarachnoid hemorrhage.The average age was（55.77±12.63） years old.The difference of age distribution among various groups had no statistical significance（χ2=5.415,P= 0.797）.Among 150 patients,86 cases were male and the other 64 cases were female;the constituent ratio of males was higher than that of females in various ACD,but without statistically significant difference（χ2=0.337,P=0.953）.Cerebral hemorrhage had the high incidence rate in the spring and the winter,while cerebral infarction had the high incidence rate in the summer and the autumn,but the comparison of prevalence rate of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction between winter-spring and summerautumn had statistically significant difference（P0.05）.Conclusion ACD in Bengbu city is dominated by cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage.The male patients are more than female patients.The high prevalence of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction is the winter-spring and the summer-autumn respectively.Conducting effective first aid according to the incidence distribution characteristics is an important part of the emergency treatment.