过程语言学——语言的四个维度及其认知加工模型

The Process Model of Language : A Four-dimensional Model and its Cognitive Processing Interpretation

在系统功能语言学的经典和扩展模式的基础上介绍语言的四个维度及其认知加工模型。语言的四个维度是:以时间维度为基础而延伸的三个隐喻性空间维度:(一)横向层次维度——语义→词汇语法→语音书写;(二)纵深相位维度——概念、人际、语篇的语义、词汇语法和语音书写范畴;(三)竖向级阶维度——词-篇连续体;语言过程是在经典系统功能语言学的前提下,以语言‘实例化’为着眼点,采用工作记忆原理加以阐述的一个认知模型,意在为系统功能语言学关于语言的社会属性及基本范畴补足应有的认知加工环境;并以现在主义认识论为出发点,将关注重点从系统转到语言使用的过程上来,恢复语言的本来面目。

The process model of language, or Process Linguistics （PL）, is a cognitive map of language processing based on Halliday^s Systemic Functional Grammar, in particular on its ＇ instantiation zone, the purpose of which is to provide the cognitive aspect for the classical model that focuses on the social aspect, and hence transforms its emphasis from system to instance. PL is concerned with the holisticality, process nature, and presence of language events it is a view based on Nowi- sin.. all linguistic systemic elements accumulated through the phylogenetic process of human history may be ideally deployed for current use. Therefore, it is a model of language with three dimensions along temporality： （i） horizontal semantics →lexico--grammar →phonology / graphology; （ii） transverse - ideational, interpersonal, and individual meaning, wording, and sounding / writing; and （iii） vertical - morpheme--text continuum. In this sense, ＇process~ is one of the characteris tics of language instance, an embodiment of linguistic presence determined by the relevant holisticality. Language system is the meaning potential, the basis, and the raw materials to be utilized to yield meanings by virtue of cognitive selection in working memory under the enabling role, as well as the constraint, of communicative motivation. Only both the social and cognitive aspects of language working mechanism are taken into account at the same time can one has a vantage point to see language better.