语言期待:城市化过程中的乡村语言变异——基于贵阳市花溪方言语音调查的分析

Language Expectation and Language Variation in Rural Areas in the Process of Urbanization: Based on an Investigation of Huaxi Dialect Pronunciation

社会语言学一般认为:方言的发展演变,主要受人口迁徙、行政区划、地理环境的社会条件的制约和语言态度与语言情感的心理因素的制约。根据对贵阳市花溪方言语音演变的调查,我们发现:现阶段以上因素对方言语音的演变依然起着重要的作用,但仅用以上因素,还不能完全解释近年来花溪方言语音所发生的演变。研究表明:以普通话为主阵地的大众传媒的普及以及以普通话为校园语言的学校教育的普及已成为影响方言语音演变的更为重要的社会因素;而在城市化进程中,人们因生活期待而催生的语言期待则是方言语音演变的重要的心理因素。

According to social linguistics,the transformation of a dialect is mainly restricted by social conditions such as population migration,the division of administrative regions and geographical environment on the one hand and by psychological factors such as language attitude and language emotion on the other. The investigation of the pronunciation transformation of Huaxi dialect in Guiyang shows that other elements, together with the above-mentioned factors,play an important role. The popularity of the mass media,which mainly uses mandarin,and the popularization of education in schools,which takes mandarin as the campus language,are more important social elements. In the process of urbanization,people’s language expectation deriving from their life expectation is an important psychological element in the pronunciation transformation of a dialect.