论威特拉姆执政期间土著咨询机构的建立

The Establishment of Aboriginal Consultative Organization in the Period of Whitlam Regime

20世纪六七十年代,澳大利亚土著政策中所出现的积极变化与"白澳政策"的日渐松动是分不开的。当70年代初戈夫·威特拉姆高举改革旗帜、倡导多元文化政策时,澳大利亚的土著民族迎来了一个前所未有的改变自身命运的契机。当工党把"自治"作为土著政策改革的一个方向或目标时,"全国土著咨询委员会"的建立就是为此而迈出的第一步。该机构的建立在某种程度上反映了土著作为一个整体去影响政府政策的愿望,但主客观条件的限制使得它当时难以发挥预期作用,其象征意义远大于实际影响。

In 1960s-1970s,the positive change of Australian policy towards aboriginals is closely related to the daily loosening of the 'White Australia Policy'. In early 1970s,when Gough Whitlam held high the banner of reform and promoted the multi-cultural policy,Australian aboriginals met an unprecedented opportunity of changing their own fate. When the labor party regarded'autonomy'as the direction and aim of the reform of the policy towards aboriginals,the National Aboriginal Consultative Committee was established,which was the first step of the reform. The establishment of this organization to some extent reflects the fact that aboriginals as a whole hope to influence the policies of the government. However,due to the restricts of objective conditions,this organization,which has merely symbolic meaning rather than real influence,cannot play the expected role.