意识范畴的否定和超越与心理学的发展道路——约翰·华生与威廉·詹姆斯的比较研究

Negation and Transcendence in Terms of Consciousness and Path of Psychological Development——A Comparison Between John Watson and William James

20世纪初,在关于心理学作为科学的观念及其理论追求的学术性格尚不明朗时,华生和詹姆斯分别撰文,以否定或超越作为那个时代心理学思想之基础范畴的"意识"概念。但他们据以否定"意识"的根据和动机是原则性不同的,由此也决定了他们所追求的思想路线及其实现的历史意义也是大相径庭的,并典型地代表或塑造着关于心理学的两种相互对峙的文化或逻辑。正是这两种相互对峙的文化或逻辑及其中间形式的各种理论的表现形态,构成了作为整体的心理学及其历史全貌。

In the early 20th century when psychology didn＇ t show its academic character in scientific conception and theoretical pursuit as a science, Watson and James established negation and transcendence as the ＂awareness concepts＂ of primary categories of psychological scholarship in those tomes in their respective papers. However, they differed in principle in ground and motivation for the negative ＂awareness＂, which determined their great differences in ideological line they sought and historical significance they intended to realize. This typically represents or shapes the two mutually-opposite cultures and logics. These two mutually-opposite psychological cultures or logics as well as forms of expression of various theories in between make up the whole picture of psychology as a science and its history.