中国对匈牙利事件的反应、对策及其影响

China’s Reaction and Counter-strategy to the Hungarian Incident and Its Effects

中共领导人在匈牙利事件问题上表现出极大的反复性。一方面,从和平共处五项原则出发要求苏联对匈牙利在政治、经济上放手,在军事上也放手,并促使苏联发表《宣言》。但后来的迹象表明,《宣言》只不过是一障眼法,旨在掩盖苏军进一步的军事行动;另一方面,基于整个华沙条约考虑,中共领导人后来又坚决要求苏军不撤兵,要保住匈牙利的社会主义。尽管如此,也不能说明中国对苏联的第二次出兵决策起了主要作用,或者说对苏决策起了决定性的影响。对苏联决策的改变起加速和促进作用的因素是1956年10月31日国际风云突变,即英法侵略埃及。苏联正是从两大阵营对抗的角度出发,充分利用苏伊士危机的机会,才最终做出了武力解决匈牙利事件的决定。

The leadership of Chinese Communist Party were very changeable in their attitude to the Hungarian Incident. On the one hand, according to the five principles of peaceful co-existence, they asked the Soviet Union to loosen its control on Hungary in politics and economy, and even in military affairs, and made the latter deliver the 30th Declaration, which was to later prove just a deceitful trick to cover Soviet troops＇ further military action. On the other, considering the Warsaw Treaty Organization as a whole, the Chinese leadership firmly required the Soviet Union not to retreat its troops so as to reserve socialism in Hungary. So being the case, it doesn＇ t follow to say whether China or Soviet Union played a decisive role in deciding to send Soviet troops to invade in Hungary a sec- ond time. What sped up and enhanced Soviet change in decision was British and French invasion in Egypt on Octo- ber 30, 1956, a sudden change of the world situation. In order to make a full use of the Sues Crisis in terms of the opposition of the two camps, Soviet made the decision of solving the Hungarian Incident by force.