2006-2010年四川省燃煤型地氟病监测报告

Surveillance Results of Coal-Burning Induced Fluorosis in Sichuan,2006-2010

目的了解四川省2006-2010年燃煤污染型地氟病的现况、变化趋势和防治措施落实情况,为制定地氟病防治防治策略提供科学依据。方法每年1次对4个监测县监测病区8～12岁儿童氟斑牙、儿童尿氟、玉米、辣椒氟含量及病区改灶降氟措施完成和使用情况进行调查。结果 2006-2010年监测县燃煤污染型地氟病儿童氟斑牙患病率由49.21%下降到21.52%,年平均患病率下降了27.69%,氟斑牙指数下降了71.82%;尿氟呈下降趋势,尿氟几何均值在0.73～1.13之间;氟骨症平均检出率13.03%;玉米含氟量均值下降了72.05%,辣椒氟含量均值下降了86.07%,但辣椒单份样品达3 309.3 mg/kg,属于严重超标;实施改灶后,空气氟明显下降,日均浓度达到国家标准;4县改灶完成率65.38%,炉灶完好率为81.88%。结论 2006-2010年四川省燃煤型地氟病监测点病情明显下降,应继续认真落实防治措施及做好改炉灶后期维护工作,改变病区居民海椒干燥方式,加大健康教育力度等是有效控制燃煤污染型氟中毒的重要手段。

Objective To understand the current situation of coal - burning induced endemic fluorosis, and to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategies of endemic fluorosis in China. Methods The annual in- cidence of dental fluorosis among children, the level of urinary fluoride, corn fluoride and capsicum fluoride were detected at the 4 surveillance spots; meanwhile, the performance of kitchen transformation was investiga- ted. Results From 2006 to 2010, the prevalence of dental fluorosis dropped from 49.21% to 21.52%, with a 27. 69% average annual decline. The dental fluorosis index fell by 71.82% and the urine fluoride presented a downward trend, with a geometric mean ranged from 0. 73 to 1.13 ; the average detection rate of skeletal fluoro- sis was 13.03% ; the mean corn fluoride content decreased by 72. 05% and average fluoride content in capsi- cum decreased by 86. 07%, yet with a serious exceeding content of 3309. 3 mg/kg. The transformation rate of cooking stoves was 65.38% among the 4 counties, and the perfectness rate of which was 81.88%, resulting inremarkable decline of fluorine pollution in air and qualifying the national standard. Conclusion Through 2006 to 2010 in Sichuan, the coal -burning induced en- demic fluorosis remarkable decreased, yet the control measures as following should be abidingly implemented： stove maintenance work, pepper drying method improve-ment, health education and so on.