新疆阿勒泰地区中低产田及其改造措施

FORMATION CAUSES AND THE TRANSFORMATION MEASURES OF THE MESO LOW YIELD LAND IN ALTAY PREFECTURE, XINJIANG

中低产田指农作物产量低下的耕地。中低产田生产潜力大 ,对其改造的经济和生态效益均大于新垦荒地 ,在水少地多和生态脆弱的干旱区尤其如此 ,对其加强研究与改造是十分重要的。阿勒泰地区中低产田分布广 ,面积大 ,成因复杂 ,在新疆有较好的代表性。本文论述阿勒泰地区中低产田的分布、类型 ,分析中低产田的成因 ,并提出改造措施。

The area of the meso low yield land in Altay Prefecture is 103 380.8 hm 2 and occupies 75.8% of the total area of the cultivated land. The meso low yield land in Altay Prefecture is characterized by extensive distributing, large area, multiple types, and complicated formation causes, and has a good representativeness in Xinjiang. According to the main restrictive factors, the meso low yield land here can be divided into 8 types, i.e. the types of poor quality soil, saline or alkaline land, damp land, sloped land, dry land, aeolian sandy land,low temperature land, and extensively cultivated land, and 17 sub types. The formation of the meso low yield land is affected by many natural factors, such as the disadvantageous morphological conditions, harmful physical and chemical nature of soil, frequent occurrence of agroclimatic disasters, drought and waterlogging caused by the bad distributed water resources, weeds in fields, plant diseases and insect pests, and is also affected by many artifical factors, such as the extensive cultivation, low usage rate of the improved varieties of crops, slack prevention and control of plant diseases and elimination of pests, irrational planting strueture, dampening, salinization or alkalinizaton and swampization caused by irrational irrigation, and poor quality of agricultural ecological environment. It is suggested to take the multiple measures, including the administrative, engineering and biological measures so as to raise the land quality and farming level and improve the agricultural ecological environment. Thus the per unit area yield will be raised, and a virtuous circle from low yield land to meso yield land then to high yield land will be achieved.