新疆马鹿群体遗传多样性及起源进化研究

Genetic Diversity,Origin and Evolution of Wapiti(Red Deer)in Xinjiang

为了科学评价、保护和利用新疆马鹿遗传资源,检测新疆马鹿群体遗传多样性和确定新疆马鹿起源进化的系统地位。对新疆塔里木马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿、天山马鹿3个群体,及与其距离相近的阿拉善马鹿、甘肃马鹿2个群体共108个个体的D-loop全序列扩增、测序,分析其碱基组成及变异。结果:共检测到40个单倍型,单倍型多样度(Hd)0.998±0.006,核苷酸多样度(Pi)0.041±0.005,平均核苷酸差异数K=36.08。构建NJ和MP分子系统发育树发现,塔里木马鹿与其他马鹿遗传距离较远,分属于不同的类群;阿尔泰马鹿、天山马鹿及甘肃马鹿之间都存在基因交流情况,可能是群体间引种杂交所致。结论:新疆马鹿遗传多样性丰富,新疆塔里木马鹿可能起源于欧洲,其他马鹿起源于亚洲。部分群体间存在基因交流情况。

In order to explore the genetic diversity and classification status of wapiti（red deer）in Xinjiang and provide the basis research materials for the scientific protection and utilization of red deer,the whole D-loop sequences（896-999 bp）of five subspecies wapiti（Talim wapiti,Altai wapiti,Tianshan wapiti,Gansu wapiti and Alashan wapiti）in 108 samples were amplified and sequenced,the base composition and nucleotide sequence variation were analyzed.Results showed that there were 40 different haplotypes,the haplotype diversity（Hd）was 0.998±0.006,nucleotide difference（pi）was 0.041±0.005,Average number of nucleotide difference（K）was 36.08.The NJ and MP phylogenetic tree showed that Talim wapiti had further genetic distance with other subspecies,they should be clustered in different wapiti types;the gene exchange were found in Altai wapiti,Tianshan wapiti and Gansu wapiti,probably due to the hybridization caused by introduction in different population.It was concluded that there were abundant genetic diversity in wapiti in Xinjiang;Talim red deer might originated in Europe;other population originated in Asia;gene exchange were found in different populations.