韶关市脊髓灰质炎强化免疫效果分析

Analysis on the Effect of Supplementary Immunization for Poliomyelitis Eradication in Shaoguan City

目的 评估韶关市脊髓灰质炎 (脊灰 )强化免疫效果。方法 对韶关市 1 989～ 1 999年消灭脊灰活动资料进行统计分析。结果 该市 1 989年起十一次十九轮脊灰强化免疫共接种适龄儿童352 91 2 9人次 ,平均接种率为 96 86 % ,其中 1 991年起均达 96 0 0 %以上 ;同一出生队列的人群比较 ,各年份出生儿童后几轮实种人数均比第一轮增加 ;急性弛缓性麻痹病例 (AFP)中零剂次免疫人数逐年减少 ;4岁以下人群脊灰Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型中和抗体阳性率均由强化免疫前 ( 1 988年 )的 87 0 1 %、94 1 2 %、90 91 %升至强化免疫后期 ( 1 996年 )的 1 0 0 0 0 % ,GMRT由 6 0 71、72 57、4 3 50分别升至 1 94 0 1、1 37 1 9、1 0 3 97;脊灰发病率从 1 989年的 0 1 8/十万降至 1 991年的 0 0 7/十万 ,1 992年起无脊灰病例报告。 1 994～ 1 998年AFP监测中未发现脊灰野毒株感染病例。结论 韶关市多次脊灰强化免疫措施落实 ,有效阻断了脊灰野病毒的传播 ,对消灭脊灰的作用显著。

Objective To evaluate the effect of supplementary immunization for poliomyelitis elimination.Methods Data from supplementary immunization for poliomyelitis eradication in Shaoguan city from 1989 to 1999 were processed and analysed. Results A total of 3 529 129 person-times were vaccinated in 19 rounds of supplementary immunization from 1989 to 1999. The average coverage was 96.86%. The result of born cohort study showed the coverages in the later rounds were higher than that in the first rounds in the same born cohort. Zero dose immunized cases of acute flaccid paralysis(AFP) were reduced year by year. In children under 4 the positive rates of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus type I,II and III increased from 87.01%, 94.12% and 90.91% before supplementary immunization (1988) respectively to 100.00% in later period supplementary immunization (1996), and GMRT of neutralizing antibody against poliovirus type I, II and III increased from 60.71, 72.57 and 43.50 respectively to 194.01, 137.19 and 103.97. The incidence of polio declined from 0.18/100000 in 1989 to 0.07/100000 in 1991. No poliomyelitis case has been reported since 1992, and no wild strain poliovirus case was found from AFP surveillance. Conclusion The supplementary immunization has significant effect on blocking the transmission of wild type poliovirus.