武汉地区冬季低热烫伤住院患者的原因及人群特征分析

A survey about characteristics and factors of low-temperature burns in hospitalized patients of Wuhan in winter

目的通过对武汉地区冬季低热烫伤的相关因素及人口学资料特征进行分析,为制定预防武汉冬季低热烫伤发生的措施和教育策略提供有效的依据。方法回顾性调查分析109例低热烫伤住院患者的人口学特征及低热烫伤的相关因素,采用Spearman相关系数进行统计分析。结果 109例低热烫伤中,女性68例(62.4%)多于男性;发病年龄遍布各个年龄段,以60岁以上老年人居多,占27.5%,其次为青年(19～28岁),占22.9%;致伤因子以热水袋烫伤最多,占72例(66%);烫伤部位下肢最多占85例(78%);创面深度以Ⅲ度为主,面积以≤1%TBSA为主占88%。年龄与烫伤原因(r=0.430,P<0.001)、烫伤部位(r=0.216,P=0.024)、烫伤深度(r=0.331,P<0.001)及愈合时间(r=0.882,P<0.001)呈正相关;愈合时间与烫伤原因(r=0.399,P<0.001)及烫伤深度(r=0.262,P=0.006)呈正相关。结论武汉地区低热烫伤在冬季高发,且导致小面积却较深度的下肢烫伤,带来了较大的社会及家庭的经济负担,因此,教育患者冬季正确安全使用取暖工具需要引起临床护士的重视。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and the factors of in-patients with burns of Wuhan in winter. Methods One hundred and nine discharged patients with low-temperature burns were included for retrospective analysis. The demographic characteristics and related factors of low-temperature burns were collected from the medical records. Results In the 109 cases, 68 women （62.4%） were more than men. The ages of the burn patients ranged through all ages. The elders above 60 years old accounted for most, about 27.5% , followed by young people （ 19-28 years） accounting for 22.9%. In all injury factors, hot water bag was accounted for 72 cases （66%） and the lower limb wound was 85 patients （78%）, and the wound depth of most cases was III degree mainly, and areas belowed 1% TBSA accounted for 88%. The reasons of scalding （ r = 0. 430, P 〈 0. 001 ）, the bum site （ r = 0. 216, P = 0. 024）, bum depth （ r = 0. 331, P 〈 0. 001 ） and healing time （ r = 0. 882, P 〈 0. 001 ） were positively correlated with the age. Meanwhile, the causes of scalding （ r = 0. 399, P 〈 0.001 ） and burn depth （ r = 0. 262, P = 0. 006） were positively correlated with the wound healing time. Conclusions The low-temperature burns were very popular and often led to small area and deep wounds because of using hot water bag and other heat devices in citizens of Wuhan in winter. So, great social and economic burden were brought. Therefore, more attention need to pay on the education of patients in correct and safe ways to use heating tools.