马克思批判黑格尔辩证法的社会政治取向

On the Socio-political Orientation of Marx’s Critique of Hegel’s Dialectics

马克思对黑格尔辩证法的批判与其扬弃异化劳动的观点密切联系,具有明确的社会政治取向。他考察了黑格尔的《精神现象学》,阐明黑格尔的辩证法是本质和现象的颠倒,并未触及异化劳动的经验事实,但其在神秘的形式下包含着人的异化的因素。马克思通过分析黑格尔逻辑概念的异化及其扬弃的方法阐明,它只是扬弃范畴,而并不否定现存的社会关系。马克思在剖析现实经济关系的基础上指出,黑格尔抽象掉了实践的经验内容,只是抓住了其形式方面。他揭露了黑格尔辩证法无视工人的异化劳动、维护资本主义制度的实质。马克思从现实的感性实践出发,建立了以扬弃人的异化为指向的辩证法。

Marx＇ s criticism of Hegel＇s dialectics is closely related to his argument for sublating alienated labor and has a clear socio-political orientation. Through the study of Hegel＇s The Phenomenology of Mind, Marx points out that Hegel＇ s dialectics reverses nature and phenomenon. Although it does not touch upon the empirical facts of alienated labor, it con- tains the elements of criticizing human alienation in a mysterious form. By analyzing Hegel＇ s method of alienation and sub- lation of logic concept, Marx argues that Hegel sublates categories only but doesn ＇ t negate current social relations. Through analyses of current social relations, Marx points out that Hegel removes the experiential contents of practice via abstraction in terms of form only. He reveals that the nature of Hegel＇ s dialectics is to ignore workers ＇ alienated labor and maintain the capitalist system. From the perspective of perceptual practice in reality, Marx has founded the dialectics with an orien- tation of sublating human alienation.