“多元一体格局”理论视阈下和谐民族关系实现途径探讨

An Exploration on the Realization of the Approach for Harmonious Ethnic Relations from the Perspective of “the Pattern of Diversity in Unity”Theory

本文从"中华民族多元一体格局"理论视阈,论述了和谐民族关系的必要性与实现途径,要旨在于说明:古往今来,我国就是统一的多民族国家,构建和谐民族关系,始终是祖国统一、民族团结和国家安全的重要保障,也是增强中华民族凝聚力和当前实现民族复兴大业的关键所在;费孝通先生所提倡的"中华民族多元一体格局"理论,不仅是对中华各民族关系之历史与现状的精辟的理论概括和真实写照,而且对于我们正确认识中国国情,做好民族工作,构建社会主义和谐民族关系,亦有着非常重要的理论价值和现实意义。

1. The ＂Pattern of Diversity in Unity ＂is a true reflection of the Chinese Nation＇s ethnic relations Within Fei Xiaotong＇s theory of the ＂ pattern of diversity in unity＂,the so-called ＂unity＂ emphasizes integrity,uniformity and inseparability. It explains the close relationship among the different ethnic groups in China,which is established gradually in the process of each of the ethnic groups’formation and development; and it further explains how these groups are associated with each other,complement each other,and are interdependent with each other. The ＂unity ＂ indicates that after a long process of development and historical accumulation,the ethnic groups are already combined as a whole. The ＂diversity＂in the pattern emphasizes that the Chinese nation is a ＂diversified structure＂,and that the ＂Chinese nation is composed of many different members ＂. This ＂pattern of diversity in unity ＂theory advocated by Fei Xiaotong provides a scientific theory for us to understand present China＇s ethnic relations. It not only promotes and deepens the construction of disciplines such as ethnology,and anthropology, and the opening up of academic research and theory innovation,but the theory also provides important theoretical guidance,meaning in understanding for dealing with harmonious relations in the reality of ethnic work. 2. Approaches for realizing harmonious ethnic relations The realization of harmonious ethnic relations is reflected in the following five aspects： 1） Conform to the trends of the time,seize historical opportunity,and create a good externalenvironment for harmonious ethnic relations For the purpose of promoting harmonious ethnic relations,one must focus on the changes in the trends of the times; comply with the changes of the international and domestic environment; and make national relationships reflect the requirements of the new situation and new characteristics of the time. On must treat ＂others＂,as well as their civilizations in the world,with an open and tolerant attitude. At the same time,one should actively participate in international society with the attitude of self-confidence,self-improvement, and actively participate in managing international affairs. In doing so,one,makes the world understand China and its civilization more deeply and fully,as well as understand the identity of the Chinese nation and its great civilization. 2） Promote the modernization process in ethnic minority areas,strengthen the construction of harmonious society in ethnic regions,and lay a solid foundation for harmonious ethnic relations a. To build the foundation of harmonious ethnic relations,one must first firmly adhere to speeding up economic and social development; fundamentally reduce the economic gap between the ethnic areas and the developed regions; create the necessary and favorable conditions for various ethnic groups’to enjoy the right of development,obtaining fair and reasonable ethnic benefits,and reducing the interests differences among various ethnic groups; b. one should also take the promotion of economic and social development in ethnic minority areas as a key,and depend on the combination of external energy and inner power of various ethnicgroup to accumulate positive power for the motherland＇s unification and national unity. c. one must strive to practice the theory of scientific development; take the national theory of Marxism as the guiding principle so as to analyze and judge correctly the characteristics and rules of China＇s current ethnic relation under the condition of the socialism; strive to promote the modernization process in ethnic areas,and accumulate harmonious cultural power in ethnic relations. d. one should take into account problems, such as the existence of differing degrees of poverty; the grim situation of stability; the lack of talent,poor living conditions and ecological crisis for establishing harmonious ethnic relations,properly. One should accumulate social harmonious power in the process of realizing harmonious ethnic relations during the process of building a harmonious society. 3） admit the differences and individuality of ethnic culture; respect the diversity of ethnic culture; and establish harmonious national relations within the common prosperity of the various ethnic cultures a. one should have respect for all ethnic groups’political power and political demands in the aspects of regional ethnic autonomy and ethnic development on the basis of equality and justice. One should carefully and properly handle ethnic tensions,and solve ethnic disputes; enhance the ethnic cultural identity,promote the convergence of cultural concepts,form combined forces of ethnic culture,and,finally,cultivate the idea of harmonious ethnic relations through the exchange with and integration of Chinese ethnic culture. b. one should,in the process of promoting the economic and social development in ethnic regions,solve the problems resulting from system transition and social transformation. c. One should respect the diversity and differences of all aspects of ethnic groups,including customs,religion,ethnic psychology,etc. in the course of cultural exchange and construction. 4） Strengthen a common value identity and national cultural identity for the whole Chinese na-tion. One should not only protect and develop ethnic culture and customs,but also strengthen cultural exchange and integration among the different ethnic groups. One should vigorously promote excellent ethnic cultures,expand the recognition of ethnic cultures,and gradually cultivate the pride of Chinese nation in the process of transmitting and promoting ethnic cultures. We should specially guide the formation and solidification of a common cultural value identity as well as ideology, and gradually cultivate cohesion of the Chinese nation. 5） Strengthen system construction,improve policy and the legal system so as to provide policy and institutional guarantees for harmonious ethnic relations. Strengthening ethnic policy and the construction of the legal system should start from the goals and task of harmonious ethnic relations,and establish a healthy, modern political operating mechanism that meets the needs of the time. In summary,the concept of harmonious ethnic relations is key and it poses a realistic question which connects with the path of development and the overall situation of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Meanwhile,the concept of harmonious ethnic relations is also a historical process that needs to be promoted not only stage by stage,and step by step,but it must also be promoted continuously. It is a process that needs to accumulate harmonious factors gradually. It requires us to start from the development of ethnic relations,and gradually perfect and satisfy realistic conditions in the historical development process of harmonious ethnic relations. Having harmonious ethnic relations requires that each ethnic group of China should not only correctly understand its own culture,but also correctly treat the culture of others. By getting along with each other harmoniously,respecting each other,and tolerating each other,we can develop different ethnic groups,different regional cultures, and,as a result,come to a common development and prosperity for all ethnic groups in China.