可持续发展理论在西方经济学中的演进

The Development of "Continued Development" Theory in Western Economics

“可持续发展”作为一种理论形成于 2 0世纪 80年代末 90年代初 ,但是 ,作为一种思想却源远流长。古典经济学在“能否可持续发展”问题上有乐观派和悲观派之分 ,他们主要关注的是土地这种资源对于经济发展的影响。新古典经济学的研究重点转向资源配置机制和资源最优配置条件 ,除了马歇尔对可持续发展问题持乐观态度外 ,其他经济学家对这个问题很少提及。在 2 0世纪 70年代以前 ,西方主流经济学主要研究宏观经济运行和经济增长问题。随着地球上的资源存量锐减和人类生存环境的恶化 ,可持续发展问题日益受到各国政府、国际组织和学术界的关注 ,于是在 70年代和 80年代先后出现了“能否可持续发展”的两次全球大讨论。

The theory of 'Continued development' showed in the end eighties and early nineties of the 20th century, but it has a long history as an idea. Classical economists divided into optimists and pessimists. What the Classical economists paid close attention to was the influence of land resorce to economic development. The western economists of main trend paid attention to macro-economic operation and economic growth by seventies of the 20th century. With the quickly reduction of resorce and the worse of mankind living environments, continued development is concerned by every government, some international organizations and academic circles. So the two discussions all over the world on 'Continued development or not' appearded one after another in the seventies and eingties.