中缅边境地区缅籍暗娼使用新型毒品及感染HIV情况调查

An analysis of new-type drug use and related risk factors of HIV transmission among FSW from Myanmar in cross-border areas of Yunnan

目的了解边境地区缅籍暗娼使用新型毒品及其对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染的影响,为开展后续的干预服务提供参考。方法采用滚雪球抽样法选取缅籍暗娼,进行问卷调查和抽血检测HIV抗体。对承认最近1个月使用过苯丙胺类兴奋剂(ATS)的研究对象进行甲基安非他命尿检。问卷内容包括人口学特征、新型毒品使用情况及高危性行为等。使用Epidata 3.1建立数据库并进行数据双录入,使用SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。结果调查的140名缅籍暗娼中,有46人使用过新型毒品,平均年龄为25.55岁。使用新型毒品的暗娼在中国境内从事商业性行为的时间为(6.00±5.75)个月,显著低于不使用新型毒品暗娼从事商业性行为的时间。71.7%的缅籍暗娼因同伴压力的影响而使用新型毒品,且有56.5%是从朋友处获得新型毒品。新型毒品的使用方式主要是鼻吸和溶于饮料或水中使用,分别占65.2%和84.8%。缅籍暗娼的HIV抗体阳性率为5.7%(8/140),未使用新型毒品暗娼的HIV阳性率为2.1%(2/94),显著低于使用新型毒品组的13.0%(6/46)。结论缅籍暗娼中使用新型毒品是HIV传播的重要影响因素,未来的干预中要开展相应的措施。

Objective To analyze new-type drug use among FSW from Myanmar and the relation to HIV transmission,and to provide reference for future intervention development.Methods Snowball sampling method was adopted to recruit FSW from Myanmar,questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on their demography,use of amphetamine-type stimulants（ATS） and high risk behaviors.Blood samples were taken and tested for HIV,and methamphetamine urine testing was conducted among those who self-reported to have used ATS before.The database was set up by Epidata 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS 17.0.Results Of the 140 surveyed Myanmese FSWs 46 used ATS,and their mean age was 25.55 years.The time length of providing commercial sexual service in China among the surveyed FSWs who used ATS was（6.00±5.75） months,shorter than the time length of those who never used ATS.Of them 71.7% used ATS under the influence of friends and 56.5% got ATS from their friends.The main ways of using ATS were snorting and drinking waters dissolved with ATS,accounting for 65.2% and 84.8%,respectively.Totally 5.7%（8/140）were tested HIV positive,and 2.1%（2/94） were HIV positive among those who never used ATS,which was lower than among those who ever used ATS（13.0%,6/46）.Conclusion ATS using is the risk factor of HIV transmission among FSW from Myanmar,and appropriate measures should be taken in the future intervention.