中古元部的形成与演变

The Formation and Evolution of Yuan(元)Vowels in Middle Chinese

中古时期的元部包括《广韵》元、魂、痕三韵。上古元部的内涵比中古大,除了《广韵》的元韵,还包括《广韵》寒、桓、删诸韵全部以及山、先、仙三韵各一部分字。而中古元部所属字,除了《广韵》的元韵,还包括归属于上古即《诗经》韵系中文部的《广韵》魂、痕韵字。先秦元部只包括《切韵》系元韵字和寒桓删山等韵字,不与魂痕韵字相押。到两汉韵文中,元部字与文部字合韵现象开始增多。齐梁以后元韵与痕、魂合流为一部,沿用于近体诗。宋元以后的变化情况是,臻摄的元韵与山摄诸韵相押成为常态,进而逐渐形成现代含[an][ian][uan][yan]四个韵母言前辙格局。

In middle Chinese,yuan(元) vowels contains three vowels as yuan(元),hun(魂) and hen(痕). In ancient Chinese,however, yuan(元) vowels contains more, including vowels as han(寒), huan(桓), shan(删) and some words in shan(山),xian(先) and xian(仙)vowels. In pre-Qin,yuan(元) vowels only contains some words in yuan(元) vowels in Qieyun and some words as han(寒), huan(桓), shan(删) and shan(山), excluding hun(魂) and hen(痕). Till Han dynasty, yuan(元) vowels begins to combine with he(合). After Qi and Liang dynasties,yuan(元) vowels combines with hun(魂) and hen(痕) into one in middle rhymes. After Song and Yuan dynasties,yuan(元) vowels and other vowels in shanshe(山摄) are usually rhymed and form a pattern of rhyming all these four vowels as [an] [ian] [uan] [yan].