1[1]Gordon Rohlehr,The Ironic Approach:The novel of V.S.Naipaul,in Robert D.Hamner,ed.Critical perspectives on V.S.Naipaul.P187,Washington,D.C.,Three Continents Press.1977.
2[2]See Gordon Rohlehr,The Ironic Approach:The novel of V.S.Naipaul,in Robert D.Hamner,ed.Critical perspectives on V.S.Naipaul.P191,Washington,D.C.,Three Continents Press.1977.
3[3]Viney Kirpal:The Third World Novel of Expatriation:A Study of ?migré Fiction by Indian,West African and Caribbean Writers,New Delhi:Sterling Publishers Private Ltd.,1989,p.40.
4[1]See Asha Choubey, A Critique of Naipaul's Half a Life: Searching for Identity in Limbo, 〈http://65. 107. 211. 208/caribbean/naipaul/choubey3. html〉
5[2]See Richard Eder,"The Root of Rootless." Los Angeles Times Book Review,May 22.1994:3-11.
6[3]4.See Gordon Rohlehr, "the Ironic Approach :The novel of V. S. Naibaul." in Robert D. Hamner, ed. Critical perspectives on V. S. Naibaul (London: Heinemann Publishers,1977. )
7[4]Choubey, Asha. "A Critique of Naipaul's Half a Life: Searching for Identity in Limbo. ″〈http://65. 107. 211. 208/caribbean/naipaul/ehoubey3. html〉
8[5]Gussow , Mel . "Writer Without Roots.″ New York Tines on the web, December 26,1976. 〈 http ://partners. nytimes. com/books/98/06/07/specials/naipaul - roots.html 〉
9[7][Tian Dewang, trans. Divine Comedy: Inferno. By Dante Alighieri. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1990. ]
10[8]Weiss,Timothy F. On the Margins ,the Art of Exile in V. S. Naipaul. Massachusetts:UP. of Massachusetts,1992.
