4Mendel LM. Physiological properties of unmyelinated fiberprojection to the sp - inal cord [ J ]. Exp Neurol, 1966,16 (3) : 316.
5Willcockson WS, Chung JM, Hori Y, et aL Effects of ionto- phoretically released amino acids and amines on primate spin othalami tract cells [ J ]. J Neurosci, 1984,4 (3) :732.
6Bowsher D. Role of the reticular formation in responses to noxious stimulation[J]. Pain,1976,2(4) :361.
7Sherrington SC. The integrative action of the nervous system [ M ]. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1906 : 1370.
8Nguyen A, Girard F, Boudreauh D, et al. Scalp nerve blocks decrease the severity of pain after craniotomy [ J ]. Anesth Analg,2001,93 (5) : 1272.
9Moiniche S, Kechet H. A qualitative and quantitative sys- tematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain re- lief:the role of timing of analgesia [ J ]. Anesthesiology, 2005,96 (3) :725.
10Yamashita K, Fukusaki M, Ando Y. Preoperative adminis- tration of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil reduces postoperative pain for spinal fusion surgery [ J ]. Anesth ,2006,20 (2) :92.
6Katz J.Pre-emptive analgesia:importance of timing[J].Can J Anesth,2001,48:105
7Dahl JB,Moiniche S.Pre-emptive analgesia[J].Br Med 7Bull,2004,71:13
8Klasen J,Haas M,Graf S,et al.Impact on postoperative pain of long-lasting pre-emptive epidural analgesia before total hip replacement:a prospective,randomised,double-blind study[J].Anaesthesia,2005,60:118
9Suresh S,Barcelona SL,Young NM,et al.Does a preemptive block of the great auricular nerve improve postoperative analgesia in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery[J].Anesth Analg,2004,98:330
10Fornai M,Colucci R,Graziani F,et al.Cyclooxygenase-2 induction after oral surgery does not entirely account for analgesia after selective blockade of cyclooxygenase 2 in the preoperative period[J].Anesthesiology,2006,104:152