董仲舒与秦汉初期体系化思想的建构

Dong Zhong-shu and the Construction of the Systemic Thought at the Beginning of the Qin and Han Dynasties

在中国哲学史上产生重大影响的往往是体系化的思想。秦王朝统一中国前夕编撰的《吕氏春秋》,以"法天地"为原则,综合道家、阴阳家等建构起了一个天道论体系。秦汉初期,儒家学派虽然遭到"焚书坑儒"的打击而退居民间,但以《春秋公羊传》为代表的经典注解之作,崇奉孔子"作新王"为万世立法,建构起了一个以儒为本兼融各家的王道论体系。董仲舒在吸收前人思想的基础上,将天道论、王道论体系合而为一,建构了一个天人合一的大一统的思想体系,在当时和后世都产生了深广的影响。

Systemic thought often had a significant influence on philosophy history in China. Ltishi Chunqiu, which was compiled before Qin Dynasty unified China, respected the principles of heaven and earth, merged Taoist school and Naturalist school and constructed a systematic principles of heaven. At the beginning of Qin and Han Dynasties, although Confucianism suffered from attack of ＂burning of books and burying of scholars＂, the classic annotation represented by Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan in which Confucius was worshiped as the new king for eternal legislation, based on Confucianism, merged other factions and constructed a systematic principles of king. Absorbing pervious thoughts, Dong Zhong-shu merged the principles of heaven and the principles of king together and constructed a unified systemic thought of oneness between heaven and human. It had profound influence at that time and later.