壮族和京族居民膳食结构及营养状况比较分析

Comparison of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status Between Zhuang and Jing Nationality in Guangxi

目的分析广西壮族和京族居民的膳食结构及营养状况,比较膳食摄入的差异。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取壮族居民161户(405人)和京族居民93户(208人),以个人食物频率法结合家庭调味品称重获取膳食信息。结果两民族居民食用盐和油脂类摄入远远高于推荐摄入量,豆类、水果类、蛋奶类摄入量明显不足。两民族维生素C、E、B1、B2及钙的摄入量均低于推荐摄入量。壮族和京族的油、盐、酱和味精、豆类、蔬菜、水果、奶类、蛋类、肉类、水产品消费量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两民族居民平均每日膳食营养素摄入量比较除能量、硫胺素、核黄素、维生素E和钾差异无统计学意义外,其他营养素摄入差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两民族居民膳食结构及营养素摄入方面存在较大差异,虽然包含了中国膳食指南推荐的主要食物种类,但食物摄入量并不理想,应根据不同民族居民膳食结构及饮食习惯特点改善居民的膳食模式。

Objective To describe and analyze the dietary pattern and nutritional status of the Zhuang and Jing nationality in Guangxi and to compare their differences. Methods Totally, 405 Zhuang individuals （161 families） and 208 Jing individu- als （93 families） were sampled by multi - stage randomized cluster sampling. Dietary information was collected by food frequency questionnaire in combination with household condiment weighting. Results The daily consumptions of the fat and salt of the two ethnicities far exceeded the recommended nutrient intakes, while the daily intakes of soybeans, fruits, eggs and milk were obviously insufficient. And their daily intakes of vitamin C,. E, I31, Be and calcium were lower than the daily reference intakes. The daily intakes of oil, salt, sauce, monosodium glutamate, soybeans, vegetables, fruits, milk, eggs, meat and aquatic prod- ucts differed significantly between the two ethnicities（P 〈 0.05）. So did the daily dietary intakes of nutrients except for energy, vitamin ]31, 132, E and potassium. Conclusions The dietary pattern and nutrient intake are different between the Zhuang and Jing nationality. Although their dietary includes the main foods recommended by Chinese Dietary Guidelines, the load intakes are not balanced. Their dietary patterns should be improved in view of their dietary patterns and diet characteristics.