浙江省主要蛋鸭品种蛋品质测定和遗传力估计

Estimation of heretability and egg quality traits of two laying duck varieties in Zhejiang Province

测定了浙江省2个地方鸭品种共6个品系各50个蛋的蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋比重、哈氏单位、蛋白高度、蛋黄重和蛋黄比率等8项蛋品质指标,进行了品种和品系间的多重比较和各性状的遗传力估计。结果表明:品种间比较显示,绍兴鸭的蛋壳质量显著高于缙云麻鸭,缙云麻鸭蛋白和蛋黄品质优于绍兴鸭;品系间比较显示,绍兴鸭带圈白翼梢系和绍兴鸭青壳系蛋壳质量最好,优于其他品系,缙云麻鸭3个品系的蛋白和蛋黄品质差异较小;蛋品质各性状的遗传力估计结果显示蛋比重和蛋壳厚度遗传力较高,分别为0.72和0.47,而哈氏单位性状最低(0.06)。结果提示,浙江省2个地方鸭种的蛋比重和蛋壳厚度两项指标可通过遗传选育进行改良,而蛋白高度、蛋黄比率和哈氏单位应通过环境控制来提高。

The present study was conducted by using laying ducks of 6 lines from 2 native breeds in Zhejiang and 50 eggs of each line.Each egg was measured for egg shape index,shell thickness,shell strength,egg specific gravity,albumen height,Hough unit,yolk weight and yolk percentage.Moreover,multiple comparisons for egg quality traits were conducted in different breeds and lines and their heretability were estimated.The results showed that eggshell quality in Shaoxing duck was significantly higher than that of Jinyun duck,while,albumen and yolk quality of Jinyun duck were superior to Shaoxing duck;the comparison among different lines showed that eggshell quality were the highest in Shaobai line and blue shell line of Shaoxing duck,quality of albumen and yolk among 3 strains of Jinyun duck existed only little difference;the results of estimation of heretability for egg quality traits revealed that egg specific gravity and shell thickness had the highest heritability values（0.72 and 0.47,respectively）,and the heritability of Hough unit was the lowest（0.06）.Our finding suggested that egg specific gravity and shell thickness could be improved by genetic breeding,while albumen height,Hough unit and yolk percentage might be promoted through environmental control.