黔西南州野生茶树的性状特征及品质分析

Analysis on the leaf bud characters and biochemical components in the spring shoots of wild tea plant from Qianxinan

以22个黔西南州野生茶树单株春梢为研究对象,通过实地调查其芽叶性状并测定一芽一叶中主要生化成分的含量,以期明确黔西南州野生茶树春梢特征及品质特性,为黔西南州野生茶树的适制性提供科学依据,并为合理开发利用黔西南州野生茶树提供参考。结果表明,黔西南州野生茶树春梢芽叶光泽性、持嫩性较好,茸毛含量较高。各材料间生化成分含量差异较大,茶多酚含量为19.88%～36.36%,均值为28.57%;游离氨基酸总量为0.84%～4.90%,均值为2.71%;咖啡碱含量为1.28%～4.45%。22个材料中,4号、11号、13号、15号、16号及18号材料适宜制作绿茶,5号、6号、7号及22号材料适宜制作红茶。

In order to provide scientific basis for adaptability of Qianxinan wild tea plant and utilize it rationally,this study was carried out to explicit characters and qualities of spring shoot of Qianxinan wild tea plant.Twenty-two spring shoot of individual tea trees were used as the objects,characters of leaf bud were investigated,biochemical components of one leaf and one bud were also determined.The results showed that the brightness of leaf bud,shoot tenderness-keeping ability and content of pubescence were better.However,different individual tea tree had a great difference in the biochemical components.Contents of tea polyphenol（TP） were ranged from 19.88% to 36.36%,whose mean value was 28.57%.The total contents of free amino acids were from 0.84% to 4.90% and the average value was 2.71%.The caffeine contents were within 1.28%-4.45%.Among 22 kinds of study objects,No.4,No.11,No.13,No.15,No.16 and No.18 were suitable for green tea production,and the appropriate kinds for making black tea was No.5,No.6,No.7 and No.22.