1,2-二氯乙烷对大鼠肝肾损伤作用研究

The Damage Effects of 1,2-Dichloroethane on Liver and Kidney in Rats

目的探讨不同剂量1,2二氯乙烷(1,2-DCE)对大鼠肝肾功能的损伤作用。方法选取体重150～180 g雌性Wista r大鼠40只,随机分为对照组(橄榄油)和不同剂量染毒组(50、100、200 mg/kg 1,2-DCE)。大鼠连续灌胃染毒14 d后处死,称量大鼠体重和肝、肾等脏器,计算其脏器系数;检测肝、肾功能及血脂等生化指标;同时观察肝肾组织病理改变。结果 1,2-DCE染毒14 d后,大鼠体重除最高剂量200 mg/kg组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)外,其他各组均无明显变化。各染毒组大鼠肾的脏器系数较对照组均有不同程度升高(P<0.05);大鼠肝的脏器系数仅在200 mg/kg组较对照组增高(P<0.01)。总胆红素(TBIL)和直接胆红素(DBIL)含量随染毒浓度增加而升高,100 mg/kg组较对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)在200 mg/kg组较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),而白蛋白(ALB)和总蛋白(TP)在200 mg/kg组则较对照组明显降低(P<0.01)。高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和胆固醇(CHOL)在染毒后有升高趋势,HDL在50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg组与对照组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CHOL则在100 mg/kg组与对照的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甘油三酯(TG)随染毒浓度先降低后升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肾功能除200mg/kg组尿素氮(BUN)较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)外,其他肾功能指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病理结果显示高剂量染毒组大鼠肝脏出现肝中央区肝细胞颗粒变性,肾脏出现肾小管水肿及肾小管蛋白管型。结论大鼠灌胃染毒1,2-DCE14 d,可致肝肾脏器损伤。

Objective To explore the damage effects of different doses of 1,2 - Dichloroethane（ 1,2 - DCE） on liver and kidney in rats. Methods 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 in each group, including one control group and three 1, 2 - DCE exposure groups （50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg）. At the end of experiment, the weight of body, livers and kidneys of rats were recorded and the organ coefficients were calculated. The biochemistry indexes, including liver function, kidney function and serum lipid, were detected as well. Meanwhile, pathological changes of liver and kidney tissues were observed. Results After 14 days of 1,2 - DCE exposure, the weight of rats decreased only in high dose 1,2 -DCE exposure group（200 mg/kg） （P 〈0. 01 ）. Comparing with the control groups, the organ coefficient of kidney increased in all three 1,2 - DCE exposure groups（ P 〈 0. 05 ）, while the organ coefficient of liver only increased in high dose exposure group （200 mg/kg） （P 〈 0.01 ）. Total bilirubin （TBIL） and direct bilirubin （DBIL） increased with the concentration of exposure dose, but significant difference was only observed in medium dose 1,2 -DCE exposure group （100 mg/ kg） （P 〈 0.05 ）. In high dose 1, 2 -DCE exposure group （200 mg/kg）, alanine transaminase （ALT） and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） increased significantly （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while albumin （ALB） and total protein （TP） decreased （ P 〈 0.05 ）, compared with the control groups. High density lipoprotein（HDL） increased significantly in low and medium dose exposure groups （50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg） （P 〈 0.01 ） and cholesterol（CHOL） increased significantly only in medium dose exposure group （ 100 mg/kg） （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. After exposure, triglyceride （TG） increased firstly and then decreased, which showed no statistically significances （P 〉 0. 05 ）. There were no significant difference of indexes of kidney function between control group and exposure groups, except for a significant decrease of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） index in high dose 1, 2 - DCE exposure group （ 200 mg/kg）. Pathological findings revealed that the granular degeneration of centrilobular hepatocytes in liver and the dropsy and protein tube of renal tubules in kidney were existed in high dose 1, 2 - DCE exposure group. Conclusion The rats exposed to 1,2 -DCE for 14 days can lead to liver and kidney damages.