我国优秀男子自由式摔跤运动员膝、踝关节肌力矩峰值的特征

Characteristics of peak muscle torques of the knee and ankle joints of excellent men’s freestyle wrestlers in China

运用ISOMed-2000等速测试系统对备战伦敦奥运会的国家男子自由式摔跤运动员下肢膝关节、踝关节肌力矩进行测试与分析。结果发现:1)从力矩角度来看,随着测试速度的增大,重点与非重点运动员在膝、踝关节肌力特征中存在显著性差异(P<005),且屈肌和伸肌的力矩角度分别呈现不同的特征,预示快速力量对下肢尤为重要;2)从峰力矩比值来看,在低速运动下,国家队重点运动员和非重点运动员均存在屈伸比的失衡,即最大力量上存在屈伸肌群发展的不合理化现象(<50%),随着测试速度的增大,虽然屈伸比值趋于合理(50%～80%),但整体上还是比较低;3)在膝关节两侧同名肌群的比较中同样存在不均衡现象,尤其是伸肌的两侧差值较大;4)踝关节的肌力特征也存在类似的现象,但屈肌明显不如伸肌力量。结果表明,男子自由式摔跤运动员应加强左、右侧屈伸肌群的力量均衡性练习,在踝关节上,优先加强对屈肌的力量训练。

The authors tested and analyzed muscle torques of the lower limb knee and ankle joints of national men’s freestyle wrestlers who prepared for the London Olympic Games by using ISOMed-2000 isokinetic test system,and revealed the following findings： 1） from the perspective of torque,with the increase of test speed,there was a significant difference（P＆lt;0.05） in the characteristics of muscle power of the knee and ankle joints between key and non key wrestlers,and the torque angles of flexor and extensor muscles presented different characteristics respectively,which means quick power is particularly important to low limbs;2） from the perspective of peak torque ratio,in low speed motion,both key and non key wrestlers of team China had such a problem as that the ratio of flexion torque to extension torque was unbalanced,i.e.there was a sign of irrational development of flexor and extensor muscle groups in terms of maximum power（＆lt;50%）;with the increase of test speed,although the ratio of flexion toque to extension torque tended to rational（in the range of 50%-80%）,it was low generally;3） there was a sign of unbalance as well in the comparison of designation identical muscle groups at both sides of knee joints,especially,there was a big difference between extensor muscles at both sides;4） there was a similar sign in the characteristics of muscle power of knee joints（refer to the text for details）,but flexor muscle power is significantly weaker than extensor muscle power.The said findings indicated that men’s freestyle wrestlers should practice more for the balance of power of flexor and extensor muscle groups at the left and right sides,and in terms of ankle joint,give priority to flexor muscle power training.