施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Diversity of Microbial Community Structure and Invertase Activities in Flue-cured Tobacco Grown Soil

为给烤烟的可持续生产和科学施肥提供理论依据,采用盆栽试验探讨了施肥对烤烟土壤微生物群落结构多样性及蔗糖酶活性的影响,并分析了二者的相关性。结果表明:化肥配施有机肥和有机肥处理有利于土壤微生物生长和繁殖,细菌、真菌、放线菌及微生物总PLFAs的含量比不施肥处理提高幅度为17.56%～61.58%,以有机肥处理PLFAs含量提高最为显著,各处理的高低趋势均为:有机肥>化肥配施有机肥>不施肥>化肥。施肥处理显著提高了烤烟土壤微生物的多样性、均匀度和优势度指数,增加细菌/真菌比值,说明肥料的施入,改善了土壤微生物生态环境,丰富土壤微生物种群。施肥还提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,化肥配施有机肥和有机肥处理显著高于化肥,并与土壤各类微生物PLFAs的含量显著相关。由此可见,在烤烟种植过程中,从土壤微生物角度来看,化肥配施有机肥和施有机肥均对土壤健康有利。

In order to provide a theoretical reference for sustainable production and scientific fermentation of flue-cured tobacco, a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fertilization on diversity of microbial community structure and invertase activities in tobacco grown soil and the correlation of them. The results showed that manure plus chemical fertilizer and manure could improve growth and reproduction of soil microorganism, compared to no fertilizer, the concentration of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and total PLFAs was increased by 17.56% ～ 61.58%, and organic fertilizer was the most significant under different treatments. The trend of different microbial PLFAs was manure〉manure plus chemical fertilizer 〉 chemical fertilizer 〉 no fertilizer. Fertilization significantly increased diversity, homogeneity and dominance index of soil microorganism, indicating the improvement of soil environment because of abundant microbial groups. Fertilization also improved the invertase activities in tobacco grown soil, it was significantly higher when treated by manure plus chemical fertilize and manure than chemical fertilize, and significantly related to different microbial PLFAs. Taking into account of the numbers and groups of soil microorganism, manure plus chemical fertilize and manure was beneficial for soil health in the process of the flue-cured tobacco planting.