新型气体灭火剂开发技术研究

Technological development of new gaseous fire extinguishants

为了提高哈龙替代灭火剂的灭火性能,减少其对环境的不利影响,必须加快开发新一代气体灭火剂的步伐。提出了理想哈龙替代灭火剂的筛选标准和12种主要性能的分级方法,探讨了筛选过程的设计策略和选择筛选试验方法的基本原则,通过对典型气体灭火剂主要性能的对比,揭示了气体灭火剂的发展历程。剖析了气体灭火剂的灭火浓度、大气寿命、分散性、灭火剂及其分解和燃烧产物的毒性等重要性能的筛选技术发展现状和存在问题。认为应尽快建立并完善气体灭火剂的各项主要性能筛选试验方法,构建完整的气体灭火剂替代品性质数据库,在此基础上形成科学的性能预测体系,以便更好地从大量备选化学物质中找出综合性能优异、适合面广的新一代气体灭火剂系列品种。

In order to improve the fire performance of halon replacements, and to reduce the relevht adverse effects to environment, new type gaseous fire extinguishants should be developed. The screening criteria and classification methods of performance have been proposed for ideal gaseous fire extinguishant. The basic strategy and screening process of new type gaseous fire extinguishing agent are discussed. The developing history is examined by contrasting the performance of some fire extinguishants. The technical status for the flame extinguishing concentration, atmospheric lifetime, and dispersion effectiveness of gaseous fire extinguishants is highlighted. The toxicity analysis methods for fire extinguishants are also introduced to analyze the decomposition and combustion products. It is concluded that the screening test methods and database of performance should be established, and the scientific system of performance forecast must been developed, so that excellent fire extinguishants can been identified from a large number of chemicals.