旅游背景下对大理双廊白族村族群认同的田野调查

Field Investigation on Bai＇s Ethnic Identity about Tourism In Shuanglang Village of Daili Prefecture

民族地区旅游业的发展对族群认同产生了不同的影响。文章从族群自我认同、族群归属感、族群态度和族群卷入四个方面对旅游背景下大理双廊村白族群体的族群认同现状进行了田野调查，通过四次深入调查，我们发现旅游业给当地居民带来经济收益进而促进族群认同感强化的同时，亦因族群内部贫富差距的加剧而导致成员间凝聚力下降。同时，旅游业卷入程度对族群认同产生了重要影响，旅游业卷入程度较高的成员对族群的认同度普遍高于未参与旅游业的成员。要想培养族群自信心和自豪感，进而增强族群认同感，需要当地政府“扶贫帮困”，积极引导社区居民参与旅游业，探索出一条让大多数原住民受益的旅游业发展之路。

Ethnic tourism has had different impacts on ethnic identity. From angles of individual identity to ethnic group, individual attachment to ethnic group, individual attitude towards ethnic group and individual positivity in ethnic activities, we made four field investigations within a year on Bai＇s ethnic identity in tourism in Shuanglang Village, Dali Prefecture. From those experiences we found that, by increasing ethnic members＇ economic income, tourism has strengthened Bai＇s ethnic identity. However, uneven distribution of income among ethnic members has led to a downward trend of ethnic cohesion. Besides, ethnic members involved in tourism had a stronger identity towards their ethic group than those uninvolved due to benefits from tourism. So, the local governments should make every effort to have more members involved in tourism and benefit equally from tourism to keep a strong ethnic identity.