西安市小学及幼儿园灰尘重金属含量及健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in dust from the kindergarten and primary school of Xi′an City

采集西安市101所小学及幼儿园灰尘样品,利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定了灰尘中重金属的含量,且采取美国EPA健康评价法对灰尘重金属对人体的健康危害进行了评价.结果显示,灰尘中Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量均显著超过陕西土壤背景值,而大部分样品中As、Mn、Ni和V的含量接近或稍高于陕西土壤背景值.灰尘重金属对儿童的健康风险评价结果表明,非致癌风险依次为Pb>Cr>As>Mn>V>Co>Cu>Ni>Zn,致癌风险为Cr>Co>As>Ni.重金属暴露量呼吸摄入量<皮肤接触量<手-口摄入量.风险值均低于风险阈值,不存在健康危害.

The concentrations of heavy metals in dust samples collected from 101 primary schools and kindergartens of Xi＇an city were determined using X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry and their health risk to children was assessed using US EPA health risk assessment method. The results show that the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in all dust samples are higher than the corresponding background values of Shaanxi soil, while the contents of As, Mn, Ni and V in the most of dust samples are close to or slightly higher than their background values of Shaanxi soil. The health risk assessment results of heavy metals in dust show that the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in dust to children is in an order of Pb〉Cr〉As〉Mn〉V〉Co〉Cu〉Ni〉Zn, and the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals to children is in an order of Cr〉Co〉As〉Ni. Heavy metals in dust are mainly ingested by human bodies through hand-mouth ingestion, and then through skin absorption and breath suction. The risk of heavy metals in dust from primary school and kindergarten of Xi＇ an city is relatively low, and there is no obvious hazard to childrenr health.