医学生生活技能教学研究和效果评估

The teaching model research and effect evaluation of medical college students＇ life skills education

目的探讨生活技能教育教学对医学生健康相关行为及态度方面干预的必要性和有效性，为大学生生活技能教育教学提供依据。方法2006年～2011年，对北京大学医学部开设的“生活技能教育与心理健康促进”选修课程采用参与式教学方法，以培养医学生健康的生活方式，改善大学生心理社会能力为切人口，为学生提供生活技能的理论教学与实践培训。通过对该课程教学前后的问卷调查，对有关学生健康相关行为及态度的教学效果进行评估。结果教学后学生健康相关行为和态度有了明显转变，学生心理社会能力“总分”、“好”、“有能力”三个维度评分高于教学前，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。教学内容和互动式教学受到学生认可。学生对本课程的必要性、有效性及该课程对促进大学生心理健康和减少不健康生活方式的作用评价较高。结论开设相关生活技能教育与心理健康促进课程是必要、有效且可行的，建议在高校推广应用。

Objective To evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of life-skills education on students＇ health-related attitudes and behaviors. To offer some support for effective teaching model about life-skills education. Methods A curriculum named life-kills education and psychology health promotion was designed and conducted among undergraduates in Health Science Center of Peking University from 2006 to 2011. The interactive teaching methods were used in the curriculum and cultivating a healthy lifestyle was used as an entry point for medical students in order to provide the theoretical and practical life skills training. Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the course teaching in order to evaluate the teaching content, teaching skills, teaching effects on health-related attitudes and behaviors of students. Results Health-related behaviors and attitudes of the students were remarkably changed after teaching. The scores of three psycho-social abilities which were ＂total scores＂, ＂good＂ and＂ ability＂ were higher than those before （P〈0.05） after teaching. Teaching contents and interactive teaching model of curriculum were well-received by students. The relatively high evaluations were also given by students on curriculum necessity, effectiveness and the effect to reduce unhealthy lifestyles. Conclusions Life skills education course is thought necessary, effective and feasible. It is suggested to be applied in other colleges in China.