大规模电化学储能系统发展现状及示范应用综述

A Review of Development and Demonstration Application of Large-scale Electrochemical Energy Storage

随着储能技术的飞速发展,大规模储能系统已经成为保证电力系统可靠供电的一个重要手段,其中电化学储能系统因其独特的性能已成为优先发展方向之一。为推动储能技术的发展,加快大规模储能系统的高效利用,国内外相继开工并已建成了若干大规模电化学储能系统示范电站并应用于电网。介绍了电化学储能技术分类及其各自的工作原理,总结了近年来国内外建设的大规模电化学储能系统示范电站,并指出电化学储能系统的安装地点、储能规模和在电网中所发挥的功能,比较全面地阐述了铅酸电池、液流电池、钠硫电池和锂离子电池等主要电化学储能系统的主要特征。最后,对大规模电化学储能系统存在的问题、技术方向和未来发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。

With the rapid development of energy storage technology, the large-scale energy storage system has gradually become a key method to ensure power system reliability and safety, of which electrochemical energy storage has been one of the directions of preferential development due to its unique performance. In order to promote the development of energy storage technology and speed up the efficient use of large-scale energy storage system, several large-scale electrochemical energy storage demonstration projects have been successively started and completed in the world. The classification and working principle of electrochemical energy storage technologies are introduced, the main demonstration plants of large-scale energy storage system in China and abroad are summarized, as well as the installation site, scale and function in grid of electrochemical energy storage are pointed out. Then, the characteristics of main electrochemical energy storage, such as lead-acid battery, redox flow battery, sodium-sulfur battery, lithium-ion battery and so on, are comprehensively expounded. Finally, the existing problems, technical direction and future development trend of large-scale energy storage system are discussed and prospected.