新手与专家:风险视域的理性之争

Layman and Expert:The Debate on Rationality in the Horizon of Risk

新手对专家的信任是在风险与安全博弈背景下进行的理性选择,二者差异的实质是理性之争。新手理性是以常识与经验为基础的社会理性,特征是情境化、主体性与冲突性;专家理性是以知识与技能为基础的科技理性,特征是去背景化、可计算性与单向度。专家理性凭借知识与权威进行风险规制,但技术教条主义的单边行动策略徒增规制成本与再造次生风险。规制的失灵使得专家理性转向风险治理以破除科技理性的妄断与独大,实现社会生活合理化。

Layman will not trust expert blindly and irrationally. They make rational choice between risk game and security game. The differences between layman and expert are in essence the debates on rationality. The rationality of layman belongs to social rationality based on common sense and experience, its feature being contextualization, sub- jectivity and conflict. The rationality of expert is in essence technology rationality based on knowledge and skills, its characteristics being decontextualization, calculation and one - dimensionality. The rationality of expert can regulate risk by ways of knowledge and authority, but the unilateral action strategies of dogmatic technology always increase the cost of regulating risk and reproduces secondary risk. The failure of regulation makes rationality of expert turn to risk governance to eliminate their false pride.