钢轨轮廓测量中的车体振动补偿问题研究

Study on vehicle vibration compensation in railway track profile inspection

采用车载方式进行钢轨轮廓高精度测量,必须进行车体振动补偿。针对车体振动对钢轨轮廓测量带来的误差影响,提出将车体振动分解为同一平面内的平移振动分量和旋转振动分量,对左右股钢轨轮廓数据各个振动分量分别进行补偿。研究了用于钢轨轮廓测量的激光摄像式传感器标定计算方法、车体振动补偿计算方法。给出了基于激光摄像技术的钢轨轮廓测量方案。针对现场钢轨轮廓测量数据检测精度难验证的问题,建议采用钢轨磨耗测量数据验证。研制了基于激光摄像技术和车体振动补偿技术的钢轨轮廓检测装置。每隔100 m共选取10个采样点,分别在人工静态、振动补偿前动态、振动补偿后动态测量钢轨磨耗数据,以静态测量数据为基准,验证振动补偿有效性。结果表明,采用车体振动补偿后,左右股钢轨磨耗测量误差标准差各自减小2.0 mm,测量误差百分比各自减小38.8%、39.7%。选取200 m长线路分别以10 km/h、40km/h、80 km/h进行钢轨轮廓动态测试,以10 km/h测量数据为基准,验证钢轨磨耗测量数据一致性。结果表明,动态测量钢轨磨耗数据重复性误差均方差控制在0.40 mm以内。

Vehicle vibration must be compensated while using vehicle-mounted sensors for high-accuracy railway track profile inspection. In order to eliminate the errors brought by vehicle vibration in railway track profilometry measurement, the vehicle vibration is decomposed into the rotation and translation vibration components in the same plane, and various vibration components of the left and right side railway track profile data are compensated, respec- tively. The calibration method of the laser-photogrammetric sensor used for railway track profile inspection and the vehicle vibration compensation approach are studied. The railway track profile measurement scheme based on the laserphotogrammetric technique is given. Aiming at the problem of accuracy verification difficulty of field railway track profile data, the railway track wear calculation method is proposed. The railway track profile inspection equipment was developed based on the laser-photogrammetric technique and vehicle vibration compensation technique. Moreover, total 10 sampling points with an interval of 100 m between the adjacent sampling points were selected;and the railway track wear data under manual static, dynamic before vehicle vibration compensation and dynamic after vehicle vibra- tion compensation states were measured, respectively. With the manual static measurement data as the reference, the effectiveness of the vehicle vibration compensation was verified. The results indicate that with the vehicle vibration compensation, the standard deviations of the measurement errors for the left and right side railway track wear decrease by 2.0 mm, respectively;and the percentage measurement errors for the left and right railway track decrease by 38.8% and 39.7% , respectively. In order to check the railway track profile data dynamic measurement errors, a piece of railway track with the length of 100 m was selected, and the dynamic experiments were performed at the speeds of 10 km/h ,40 km/h and 80 km/h. The measurement data for the speed of 10 km/h are taken as the reference, the consistency of the railway track wear measurement data is verified ; and the results demonstrate that the root mean square errors of the repeatability errors of the dynamic measured railway track wear data are within 0. 40 mm.