模拟放射性废树脂热等离子体处理系统设计及试验分析

Design and Experimental Analysis of Thermal Plasma Processing System for Simulative Radioactive Resin Waste

为了解决低放射性废树脂的处理难题,提高最终废物体的减容效果和稳定性,采用等离子体高温焚烧熔融方法,将树脂中的有机成分和无机成分分别高温分解和熔融。针对废离子交换树脂,研制了等离子体高温焚烧冷实验台架,开展了模拟废物等离子体高温焚烧特性及工艺的初步研究。研究结果表明:等离子体高温焚烧技术能够彻底分解废树脂,系统减容比达到53.5,玻璃体抗压强度>74 MPa,尾气中氮氧化物质量浓度为20～300mg/m3,二氧化硫质量浓度为0～95mg/m3,达到《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准》的要求。等离子体技术可以实现低放射性废树脂减容的稳定化处理,放射性核素被包容在玻璃体中,固化体性能稳定。

In order to solve the difficulties in processing low-level radioactive resin,and to improve the volume-reducing effect and stability of the waste body,we introduced a high temperature plasma molten method to pyrolyze the organic composition in resin and to melt the inorganic components.Aiming at spent ion exchange resin,we developed a cold experiment platform for plasma high-temperature incineration.Furthermore,we investigated the characteristic and simulated waste incineration,as well as the techniques involved in the process.The results indicate that the plasma high-temperature incineration technology can decompose the spent ion exchange resin completely,with a volume reducing factor up to 53.5 and a compressive strength of glass more than 74 MPa.The contamination of nitrogen oxides is 20~300 mg/m3 in off-gas,and that of sulfur dioxide is 0~95 mg/m3,which meet the requirements of the Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Wastes Incineration.It is concluded that using plasma technology can achieve volume reduction and stabilization treatment of radioactive waste resin by having radioactive nuclide solidified in glass to stabilize the performances of solidified body.