氪等离子体热力学非平衡输运性质的计算

Calculation of Transport Properties of Krypton Plasma in Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium

获得覆盖较宽温度和压力范围内的热力学和输运性质是进行氪等离子体传热和流动过程研究的必要输入条件。为此,采用双温度Saha方程进行计算得到了氪等离子体的组分;采用基于将Chapman-Enskog方法扩展到高阶近似的方法,计算获得了电子温度(Te)与重粒子温度(Th)比范围为1～4、电子温度范围为300～30 000K、压力范围从0.01p0～10p0(p0=101.325kPa)的氪等离子体的粘性、热导率和电导率。研究结果表明,热力学非平衡参数(θ=Te/Th)和压力对氪等离子体的输运性质有较大的影响。随着压力的降低和热力学非平衡程度的增加,氪等离子体的粘性降低;偏离热力学非平衡的程度对热导率的峰值有显著影响,压力越大,高温区域的平动热导率就越大;高温区,电导率随着压力的升高而增大,在低温区,电导率随着压力的降低而增大。在局域热力学平衡条件下,计算获得的氪等离子体输运性质和文献报道的数据符合良好。

To study the plasma flow and heat transfer process,it is necessary to understand the two-temperature thermodynamics and transport properties of krypton plasma over wide temperature and pressure range.Therefore,assuming chemical equilibrium and using a method of equilibrium constants with a 2T modified Saha law,we calculated the composition of krypton plasma,and calculated transport coefficients by using Chapman-Enskog method which was expanded to higher approximation.Moreover,we computed the variations of viscosity,thermal conductivity,and electrical conductivity of krypton plasma as a function of temperature,pressure and different degree of temperature non-equilibrium.In the computation,the electron temperature ranges from 300 K to 30 000 K,the ratio of electron temperature（Te） to the heavy particle temperature（Th） ranges from 1 to 4,and the pressure ranges within 0.01p0~10p0（p0=101.325 kPa,standard atmospheric pressures）.It is shown that the pressure and non-equilibrium parameter（θ=Te/Th） significantly affect the values of viscosity,thermal conductivity,and electrical conductivity.With the reduction of pressure and increased degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium,the viscosity of krypton plasmas decreases.The degree of thermodynamic nonequilibrium significantly affects the peak value of thermal conductivity.In a high-temperature region,the electron translation thermal conductivity is dominant and increases with the increase of pressure,meanwhile,the electrical conductivity also increases with the increase of pressure.The variation of electrical conductivity with pressure is opposite in low-temperature region.Under the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium,the calculated transport properties of krypton plasma agree well with previously reported data.